Anthropology (Wallpapers)
Listening anthropology is a science, located at the articulation between the different human and natural sciences, which studies the human being and human groups in all their aspects, both physical (anatomical, biological, morphological, physiological, evolutionary , etc.) and cultural (social, religious, linguistic, psychological, geographic, etc.). The largest chapter in natural history, anthropology constitutes a monograph on the genus Homo, which describes and analyzes “anthropological facts”, that is to say, characteristics of hominization and humanity.
The term anthropology comes from two Greek words, anthrôpos, which means “man”, and logos, which means science, speech, speech. Anthropology constitutes until the XIXth century a branch of philosophical knowledge placing man at the center of its concerns but, with the birth of the social sciences, the term changes meaning to essentially designate the new science. The anthropological approach “takes as its object of investigation social units of small magnitude from which it attempts to develop an analysis of more general scope, apprehending from a certain point of view the whole of the society in which these units are inserted ”
Anthropology and ethnology
Anthropology and ethnology were born in the 18th century. Anthropology is the study of man and human groups. The ethnology studies the whole of the characters of each ethnicity in order to establish general lines of structure of the societies and their evolution. Historically, these two terms have designated different concepts: anthropology was a science of nature and ethnology concerned cultural classification and then “comparative analysis of the customs and institutions of traditional societies”. According to Marcel Mauss, it is possible to distinguish in the profession of anthropologist an ethnographic phase which observes and collects facts, an ethnological phase which analyzes them, and an anthropological phase which compares, synthesizes and theorizes. But for certain contemporary anthropologists, this division into various phases is not applicable in practice: “all ethnography is already ethnology, all observation already interpretation” .
Ethnology remains however implicitly associated with the study of a determined people, in general of a traditional society, and with work in the field6, while anthropology studies the anthropological facts, that is to say specific to humanity. Historically in France, until the 1950s, ethnology was concerned with primitive societies and there was talk of physical anthropology. Ethnology was further subdivided into physical anthropology or anthropobiology and into cultural, economic, political and social anthropology.
In the Anglo-Saxon world, the word anthropology has been chosen for the study of primitive peoples, ethnology studying their history.
Since the 1950s, the Anglo-Saxon expressions “social anthropology” (in particular British) and “cultural anthropology” (in particular American) have been assimilated by researchers and everyone uses the term “anthropology.
Source: Wikipedia
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